HTML - helt ind til benet

The Bare Bones Guide to HTML

I N T R O D U K T I O N

Tak til følgende, som har givet hjælp og stillet forslag gennem tiden:

Jutta Degener Henry Churchyard John Berkin Larry Katz N.J. Taber Dean Hedman Nick Galbreath

R. Alan Monroe Ann Lynnworth Mike Kelsey Russ Allbery dolphin@eccosys.com Susan Hagan John Van Essen

| OP til Gateway Page || Ren tekst | Formatteret || Kevin's Home Page |

Mange har udgivet fremragende HTML-vejledninger på WWW - hvorfor så komme med endnu en?

Dette dokument er et opslagsværk, hvor du kan finde det korrekte format på de HTML-koder, du har brug for når du skal skrive dine HTML-sider. De fleste andre HTML-vejledninger er mere af en beskrivende karakter. Hvis du er nybegynder, skal du måske prøve en af de andre vejledninger først.

Der findes også flere anbefalinger til "god stil"; eg vil absolut anbefale dig at læse en eller flere af disse, da det er et område der overses af alt for mange Web-forfattere.

Min WWW hjælpeside har referencer til mange steder, der indeholder HTML beskrivelser. Det er et godt sted at starte, hvis du har spørgsmål der går ud over denne beskrivelse, der bevidst er "skåret ind til benet".

Denne vejledning er for folk, der ikke behøver skridt-for-skridt vejledninger, men som ikke kan alle HTML-koder udenad. Hvis du vil have en "quick reference" som giver dig det nødvendigste på ét sted, befinder du dig det rette sted. På de reaktioner jeg har fået ser det ud til, at det omfatter temmelig mange mennesker.

| OP til Gateway Page || Ren tekst | Formatteret || Kevin's Home Page |

En vigtig egenskab ved denne vejledning er, hvad den indeholder. Den skærer ind til benet tekstmÊssigt; men indholdsmÊssigt fors¯ger den at medtage alle koder, der er i almindelig brug i dag.. Specifikt indeholder den følgende:

• HTML 3.2 koder
• Netscape udvidelser af HTML

Udviklingen af HTML har vÊret en forvirrende proces, fordi fors¯g p at n frem til en formel standard ofte er blevet overhalet af udviklingen p det kommercielle marked. World Wide Web Consortium (http://www.w3.org/), W3C, er den organisation, der styrer standardiseringen. I maj 1996 udgav W3C udkastet til HTML 3.2, som fors¯gte at afspejle og standardisere den almindelige HTML-praksis p det tidspunkt.

I en udtalelse om HTML anbefaler W3C at informationsudbydere bruger HTML 3.2 som standard. Derfor indeholder Bare Bones Guide version 3.0 alle HTML 3.2 koder, uanset om de stammer fra HTML 2.0, 3.0 eller Netscape udvidelser. Nyeste udgave af de f¯rende browsere b¯r underst¯tte stort set alle disse koder.

Jeg har ogs medtaget alle Netscape koder til og med version 3.0b5, undtagen nogle specielle server-orienterede koder. Nogle af Netscapes udvidelser vil muligvis ikke blive vist korrekt af andre browsere. Netscape Navigator har imidlertid, iflg de nyeste undersøgelser, over 70% af browser markedet, og det er derfor jeg har medtaget koderne her; om du vil bruge dem eller ejer op til dig selv.

| OP til Gateway Page || Ren tekst | Formatteret || Kevin's Home Page |

Formattering af dette dokument

---

For tydelighedens skyld har jeg skrevet forskellige parametre til den samme HTML-kode på hver sin linie. I almindelighed kan parametrene kombineres.

Koderne er for tydelighedens skyld skrevet med store bogstaver, selv om der i de fleste tilfÊlde kan anvendes bÂde store og sm bogstaver.

Anvendte symboler

---

URL    URL adresse på en ekstern fil
?      Vilkårligt tal (dvs <H?> betyder <H1>, <H2>, <H3>, osv.)
%      Vilkårlig procent (dvs <HR WIDTH=%> betyder <HR WIDTH=50%>, osv.)
***    Vilkårlig tekst (dvs ALT="***" betyder udfyld med tekst)    
$$$$$$ Vilkårlig hex (i.e. BGCOLOR="#$$$$$$" betyder BGCOLOR="#00FF1C", osv.)
,,,    Komma-separeret (dvs COORDS=",,," betyder COORDS="0,0,50,50", osv.)
|      Alternativer (dvs ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER betyder vælg en af disse)
[*]    Reference til en uddybende beskrivelse

Kompatibilitet

       (ingen angivelse) I HTML 3.2 spec.; bør virke med opdaterede browsere 
N1.0   Netscape udvidelse introduceret med Navigator version 1.0
N1.1   Netscape udvidelse introduceret med Navigator version 1.1
N2.0   Netscape udvidelse introduceret med Navigator version 2.0
N3.0b  Netscape udvidelse introduceret med Navigator version 3.0 beta

| OP til Gateway Page || Ren tekst | Formatteret || Kevin's Home Page |

Version 3.0 -- July 21, 1996.

• Updated everything to conform to the HTML 3.2 specification.
• Added a new section for Java tags supported by HTML 3.2
• Revised the introductory material and annotations.
• Redesigned the layout of the "tables" version, in order to make it easier to read.
• All major browsers now support tables, so to save time I have decided to eliminate the separate non-table "HTML" version of the Guide, and to rename the "tables" version as the "formatted" version. Users who cannot view this version can still use the "plain text" version.
• Added the new tags implemented by beta versions of Netscape Navigator 3.0 up to 3.0b5, including:
  • table cell colors
  • multi-column text
  • spacers
  • frame border control
  • strikeout via the <S> tag and underlining via the <U> tag. These were in HTML 3.0 but not HTML 3.2, so I list them as Netscape extensions.
  • the FACE attribute for the <FONT> tag (originally a Microsoft extension)
• Fixed more typos.

Version 2.0 -- Lots of changes and corrections in this version

• Rewrote the introductory material and compatibility table language
• Added + notation for Netscape extensions that have been adopted by most major browsers. This notation is by nature approximate; it represents my judgment about which tags have are widely supported even though they are not (and may never be) in HTML 3.0.
• Added ,,, notiation in table of symbols for comma-delimited lists.
• Restructured the Hard Formatting and Soft Formatting sections into Presentation Formatting and Structural Definition. This change makes clear the important distinction between presentation-based and structural markup. A few tags have been moved around as a result of this change, and the <ADDRESS> tag has been moved up from Miscellaneous into Structural Definition.
• Eliminated the Alignment section by shifting the tags listed there into either Structural Definition or Presentation Formatting. Although this results in the Netscape <CENTER> tag being split up from the other alignment tags, it allows the alignment attributes of tags such as <P> and <H?> to be associated with the underlying tags they operate on. This change is consistent with the HTML 3.0 philosophy of handling alignment through attributes to existing tags rather than through dedicated tags.
• Added listing for Netscape client pull animation (this has been around since Netscape 1.1, but was not listed in the Guide).
• Support for new Netscape and HTML 3.0 tags implemented in Netscape 2.0:
  • Frames (added a whole new section)
  • Embedded Objects (in Links and Graphics)
  • Divisions (in Structural Definition)
  • Font Color (in Presentation Formatting)
  • Big/Small font size (in Structural Definition)
  • Superscript/Subscript (in Presentation Formatting)
  • File Upload (in Forms)
  • Text wrap (in Forms)
  • Target Windows (in Links and Graphics) and Base Target (in Miscellaneous)
  • Client-side imagemaps (in Links and Graphics)
• Removed <XMP> tag, because I have been convinced that it is archaic.
• Moved prologue tags to Miscellaneous section, to indicate that they are not required and reduce confusion.
• Fixed listing for <NOBR> container by adding a closing tag
• Changed "outline type" to "numbering type" for Netscape extension to ordered lists, in order to avoid confusion about what this attribute does.
• Changed wording of <P> tag description to indicate that it is "usually" rendered as a double return.
• Changed notation for hex triplet from $$$ to $$$$$$ to indicate that six characters are required to reference the three hex values.
• improved consistancy of column alignment in the text version.

Version 1.22 -- August 18, 1995. Added a tag and some attributes that had been accidentally omitted from the forms section, and corrected the listing of which color tags are in the HTML 3.0 spec.

Version 1.21 -- July 26, 1995. Removed the archaic <NEXTID> tag and added some annotations to the HTML and table versions.

Version 1.2 -- July 25, 1995. Several revisions to improve compliance with the official HTML specifications, and to acknowledge more widespread implementation of certain HTML 3.0 tags.

Version 1.1 -- July 19, 1995. Cleaned up a number of things in the introductory material, and correctly specified the ISO 8859-1 character set instead of ASCII.

Version 1.03 -- July 12, 1995. Updated copyright notices to eliminate confusion with Bare Bones Software. Added Netscape relative font sizing tag, and changed the link to the list of ASCII symbol codes.

Version 1.02 -- April 24, 1995. Corrected some additional typos, fixed the link to this version history, and added the standard copyright and registered TM codes to go along with the Netscape versions.

Version 1.01 -- April 11, 1995. Fixed a couple minor typos and ambiguities pointed out by helpful folks, including some errors in the list tags section.

Version 1.0 HTML -- April 6, 1995. Has some additional introductory material, but the text is otherwise identical to version 1.0. Formatted for WWW viewing, with assistance from John Berkin.

Version 1.0 -- April 2, 1995. Corrected some errors pointed out by other people, and made some minor revisions to the introduction and the formatting of certain sections.

Version 0.9b -- March 30, 1995. First public version. Posted on comp.infosystems.www.providers.

| OP til Gateway Page || Ren tekst | Formatteret || Kevin's Home Page |

Copyright © 1995-1997 Kevin Werbach.
Last updated july 21, 1995.

Dansk oversættelse copyright © 1996 Werner Knudsen.